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What Are Regular Periods?

Most girls experience their first period, called menarche (MEN-ar-kee), between the ages of 10 and 15, although it can happen earlier or later. A girl's menstrual cycle is the time from the start of one period to the start of the next. While the average cycle is often said to be 28 days, it can vary widely—ranging from 24 to 34 days—and may differ in length from month to month, especially during the first few years.

During each cycle, the ovaries prepare an egg, and the uterus builds a thick lining to support a potential pregnancy. About two weeks before the next period, the egg is released from the ovary in a process called ovulation. If the egg isn't fertilized, it breaks down, and the uterine lining sheds as the period. This marks Day 1 of a new cycle.

It's common for cycles to be irregular, especially in the first two years, due to factors like illness, stress, rapid weight changes, or shifts in routine. Skipping periods or experiencing unpredictability is normal during this time.

The duration of bleeding also varies. A period may last anywhere from 2 to 7 days, depending on hormone levels, which can change from one cycle to the next. This variation in flow and timing is a natural part of the menstrual process.

If My Period Is Irregular, How Do I Know When I Will Get It?

If your menstrual cycle is irregular, watch for signs your body may give to indicate your period is approaching. These can include:

• Back cramps or stiffness
• Breast tenderness or heaviness
• Headaches
• Acne breakouts
• Changes in sleep patterns
• Mood swings
• Bloating
• Loose stools

How Can I Be Prepared?

It's a good idea to keep some pads or tampons in your backpack or purse so you're prepared if your period starts unexpectedly. Carrying an extra pair of underwear can also be helpful.

What Causes Irregular Periods?

Irregular periods are often a normal part of growing up, especially during your teenage years. As you get older, your cycle is likely to become more regular.

However, certain factors can contribute to irregular periods, such as:

• Medications: Some medicines may affect your menstrual cycle.
• Exercise: Over-exercising can disrupt your periods.
• Body Weight: Being underweight, overweight, or not eating enough calories can lead to irregular cycles.
• Hormone Imbalances: Issues with hormone levels, like thyroid problems or extra androgen, can impact periods. Excess androgen may also cause facial or body hair growth, weight gain, and cycle irregularities.

Additionally, girls who are pregnant will not have their periods.

Should I Worry About Irregular Periods?

Consult your doctor if you've had sex and missed a period, as it could indicate pregnancy. Also, seek medical advice if:

• Your previously regular periods become irregular.
• You stop having periods altogether.
• You notice excessive hair growth on your face, chin, chest, or abdomen.
• Your periods last longer than 7 days, are very heavy, or occur more frequently than every 21 days.
• Your periods are spaced more than 45 days apart.
• You experience severe cramping or abdominal pain.
• You have bleeding between periods.
• Your periods remain irregular for over 3 years.

A doctor may recommend hormone therapy, other medications, or lifestyle changes to help regulate your menstrual cycle.